Keywords
Trade, Conversion Factors, Price Rate, Economic Growth.
How to Cite
Khan, R. (2020). Impact of Monetary Policies on the Exchange Rate and Global Trade Evidence from Ghana. American International Journal of Business and Management Studies, 2(1), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.46545/aijbms.v2i1.143
Abstract
The impact of monetary policies and their implementation by the exchange rate covered the economic condition of Ghana. The social inclusion and conversion factors change the implemented policies of nations, where the real price, trade, technology, a price rate, and price level of ratio take an important part of growth. The reform of the financial sector favors the free-floating of the exchange rate and global trade under the premise of flexible exchange rates. The tragedy of country growth and exchange rate toward a trajectory of growth with the growth-enhancing effect through social inclusion, conversion factors, price level ratio, exchange rate, merchant rate, export, and trade services. The research study is based on the secondary study and social inclusion equity indicators with public resources, building human resources and social protection for economic development has determined. Different evidence and trade indicators classify the monetary policies. The significant influence of growth and internal policies has affected trade and exchange rates with growth and reserve policies. The results have computed by linear regression and it proved that social inclusion and alternative conversion factors impact on global trade and create short term binary relationships.
References
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Traoré, S. (2019). Residential location choice in a developing country: What matter? A choice experiment application in Burkina Faso. Forest Policy and Economics, 102, 1-9. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2019.01.021
Uddin, G. S., Sjö, B., & Shahbaz, M. (2013). The causal nexus between financial development and economic growth in Kenya. Economic Modelling, 35, 701-707. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2013.08.031
Adom, P. K., & Kwakwa, P. A. (2014). Effects of changing trade structure and technical characteristics of the manufacturing sector on energy intensity in Ghana. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 35, 475-483. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2014.04.014
Adu, G., Marbuah, G., & Mensah, J. T. (2013). Financial development and economic growth in Ghana: Does the measure of financial development matter? Review of Development Finance, 3(4), 192-203. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rdf.2013.11.001
Agusto, F. B., & Khan, M. A. (2018). Optimal control strategies for dengue transmission in pakistan. Mathematical Biosciences, 305, 102-121. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mbs.2018.09.007
Ahmed, A., Korah, P. I., Dongzagla, A., Nunbogu, A. M., Niminga-Beka, R., Kuusaana, E. D., & Abubakari, Z. (2020). City profile: Wa, Ghana. Cities, 97, 102524. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2019.102524
Alhassan, A. L., & Fiador, V. (2014). Insurance-growth nexus in Ghana: An autoregressive distributed lag bounds cointegration approach. Review of Development Finance, 4(2), 83-96. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rdf.2014.05.003
Amoako, C., Cobbinah, P. B., & Mensah Darkwah, R. (2019). Complex twist of fate: The geopolitics11Geopolitics is used in this paper to refer to the way that geography of vulnerable communities affects political interventions in terms of flood management regimes of flood management regimes in Accra, Ghana. Cities, 89, 209-217. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2019.02.006
Amri, F. (2017). Intercourse across economic growth, trade and renewable energy consumption in developing and developed countries. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 69, 527-534. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2016.11.230
Ayanoore, I. (2019). The politics of local content implementation in Ghana’s oil and gas sector. The Extractive Industries and Society. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exis.2019.11.004
Bond, S. R., Söderbom, M., & Wu, G. (2011). Pursuing the wrong options? Adjustment costs and the relationship between uncertainty and capital accumulation. Economics Letters, 111(3), 249-251. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2011.01.020
Brobbey, L. K., Pouliot, M., Hansen, C. P., & Kyereh, B. (2019). Factors influencing participation and income from charcoal production and trade in Ghana. Energy for Sustainable Development, 50, 69-81. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esd.2019.03.003
Frimpong Boamah, E., & Sumberg, J. (2019). The long overhang of bad decisions in agro-industrial development: Sugar and tomato paste in Ghana. Food Policy, 89, 101786. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodpol.2019.101786
Gad, M., Lord, J., Chalkidou, K., As are, B., Lettered, M. G., & Ruiz, F. (2019). Supporting the Development of Evidence-Informed Policy Options: An Economic Evaluation of Hypertension Management in Ghana. Value in Health. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jval.2019.09.2749
Herrerias, M. J., Cuadros, A., & Luo, D. (2016). Foreign versus indigenous innovation and energy intensity: Further research across Chinese regions. Applied Energy, 162, 1374-1384. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2015.01.042
Khanal, P. N., Grebner, D. L., Straka, T. J., & Adams, D. C. (2019). Obstacles to participation in carbon sequestration for nonindustrial private forest landowners in the southern United States: A diffusion of innovations perspective. Forest Policy and Economics, 100, 95-101. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2018.11.007
Kong, Y., & Khan, R. (2019). To examine environmental pollution by economic growth and their impact in an environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) among developed and developing countries. PloS one, 14(3). doi:https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0209532
Lin, B., & Agyeman, S. D. (2019). Assessing Ghana’s carbon dioxide emissions through energy consumption structure towards a sustainable development path. Journal of Cleaner Production, 238, 117941. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.117941
Mensah, J. T., & Botchway, E. (2013). Ghana’s salt industry: A neglected sector for economic development? Resources Policy, 38(3), 288-294. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2013.06.002
Mullineux, A. W., & Murinde, V. (2014). Financial sector policies for enterprise development in Africa. Review of Development Finance, 4(2), 66-72. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rdf.2014.05.001
Murtazashvili, I., Murtazashvili, J., & Salahodjaev, R. (2019). Trust and deforestation: A cross-country comparison. Forest Policy and Economics, 101, 111-119. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2019.02.001
Sovacool, B. K. (2019). Toxic transitions in the lifecycle externalities of a digital society: The complex afterlives of electronic waste in Ghana. Resources Policy, 64, 101459. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2019.101459
Traoré, S. (2019). Residential location choice in a developing country: What matter? A choice experiment application in Burkina Faso. Forest Policy and Economics, 102, 1-9. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2019.01.021
Uddin, G. S., Sjö, B., & Shahbaz, M. (2013). The causal nexus between financial development and economic growth in Kenya. Economic Modelling, 35, 701-707. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2013.08.031
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